International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering

A. Selvaraj ¹, S. Saravanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Ground water is one of the most important natural resources for drinking water to human being in modern world, especially in rural area the supply of treated water is not available.Water quality is important factor in modern times that affects socio-economic development inappropriately and affecting human health. Water quality index (WQI) are the method widely for modelling water quality status. How ever make use of these indexes is limited by some constraints such as crisis in data base and uncertainty of decision making. In this study, the fuzzy water quality index (FWQI) were developed based on mamdani fuzzy infernce system inorder to made suitable model for assessing the drinking water quality on basics of 6 parameter physico chemical parameters. The present study thirty ground water samples were collected from the Perambalur district focus to select the fuzzy aggregation approach for estimation of the water quality index of a sample to check the suitability for drinking purpose. In this study 6 parameter pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, Calcium and Manganese were selected for quality assessment. the output results of proposed methodology were compared with output obtained from deterministic method for the suitability of the design methodology.

Keywords

Water Quality Index (WQI), Fuzzy Aggregation, Who Standard, Fuzzy Water Quality Index (FWQI).

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S. Saravanan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy, IN

Abstract

The semi-distributed topographic based rainfall-runoff model (TOPMODEL) has been applied to the Manimuktha watershed sub-catchment of Vellar River;one of the important catchment which contributes lot of flow in the rainy seasons. Remote Sensing was applied to estimate spatially distributed catchment parameters such as landuse, soil DEM and catchment parameters. SRTM 90m DEM was used to compute the topographic index, the basement and basic input for the TOPMODEL to simulate the stream flow of the sub-catchment. TOPMODEL calculates the actual evapotranspiration from the potential evapotranspiration, the ischolar_main zone storage deficit and maximum ischolar_main zone storage deficit for its water balance calculation. The first step in applying TOPMODEL to a watershed involves GIS analysis which results in a raster grid of elevations used for the calculation of the topographic index. Analyses were also performed to determine the sensitivity of TOPMODEL hydrographs to several model parameters. A sensitivity analysis of the model indicated significant changes in the simulation result for the three parameters that are the exponential transmissivity function (m), the soil transmissivity at saturation (To) and the ischolar_main zone available water capacity (SR_max). The hydrographs generated for six storm events and the results are satisfactory with Nash efficiency as much as 78.8% in and Correlation Coefficient 0.69.

Keywords

TOPMODEL, Rainfall-Runoff Modeling, Topographic Index, DEM, Manimuktha Watershed.

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Antony Raj ¹, S. Saravanan ¹, R. Manjula ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, IN

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Field experiment was conducted in NIT Trichy region in Trichy with treated wastewater and groundwater surface irrigation systems for crops of Teak wood farm and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The quality of treated wastewater was studied to evaluate the performance of treatment units and the suitability of treated wastewater for irrigation. The irrigation system had a significant effect on infiltration rate, bulk density and total porosity. The soil samples were taken from the farm with an area of more than five acres and nine sample points were picked spatially throughout the field. A research project was undertaken to determine the role of physical and chemical soil properties in the treatment performance of subsurface effluent disposal areas. Monitoring changes in these properties will permit improved prediction of the treatment potential of a soil. The changes within soil properties of the disposal area due to effluent application were found to be directly related to the subsurface drainage characteristics including permeability, clay content and pore size. The major controlling soil physical and chemical attributes were found to be moderate drainage, significant soil cation exchange capacity and dominance of exchangeable Ca or exchangeable Mg over exchangeable Na and low exchangeable Na. An in-depth knowledge of the local soil characteristics and associated soil hydrology is needed for better prediction of long term behaviour of subsurface effluent disposal systems. . The growth of plants at the control points are also monitored for growth pattern. The goal of this study is to evaluate, on short period, the effects of the TWW irrigation, in comparison to that of the Ground Water, on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil cultivated with Teak wood and never irrigated by TWW.

Keywords

Treated Wastewater, Soil Properties, Irrigation, Exchangeable Cations, Nutrients.

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